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問題
空気調和設備に用いられる全熱交換器に関する次の記述のうち、最も不適当なものはどれか。
| 1. | 全熱交換器は、排気中の顕熱・潜熱を同時に回収して省エネルギー化を図るための熱交換器である。 | ||
| 2. | 回転型全熱交換器では、エレメントが低速回転して吸湿と放湿が連続的に切り替わる。 | ||
| 3. | 静止型全熱交換器の仕切り板には、伝熱性と同時に透湿性が求められる。 | ||
| 4. | 水分の回収を必要としない厨房や温水プールでは、全熱交換器に代わって顕熱交換器が用いられる。 | ||
| 5. | 空調された室内空気が便所・給湯室等から直接排気される比率が高い場合、全熱交換器の効率は向上する。 |
回答
正解は（5）
1. 全熱交換器は、排気中の顕熱・潜熱を同時に回収して省エネルギー化を図るための熱交換器である。
→正しい
全熱交換器は、排気と給気の間で熱（顕熱・潜熱）を交換し、外気負荷を軽減して省エネ効果を高める装置です。
換気するために室内の温湿度が調節された空気を全て捨ててしまうと勿体ないので、全熱交換器を使い外気と熱交換（温度・湿度ともに）させることで室内の温湿度を70～90％程度回収することができます。（以下の画像参照）
2. 回転型全熱交換器では、エレメントが低速回転して吸湿と放湿が連続的に切り替わる。
→正しい
回転型全熱交換器は、吸湿性のあるエレメント（ロータ）が低速回転し、給気と排気の間で「吸湿・放湿」を繰り返すことで全熱（顕熱＋潜熱）交換を行います。
回転型全熱交換器 |
 出典：TMES |
静止型全熱交換器 |
 出展：西部技研 |
3. 静止型全熱交換器の仕切り板には、伝熱性と同時に透湿性が求められる。
→正しい
静止型全熱交換器の仕切り板は、伝熱性・透湿性を持つ特殊加工紙などでできており、顕熱・潜熱の両方を交換できます。静止型全熱交換器については選択肢2の解説を参照。
4. 水分の回収を必要としない厨房や温水プールでは、全熱交換器に代わって顕熱交換器が用いられる。
→正しい
厨房やプールは湿気が非常に多く、潜熱の交換は意味がありません。そのため、顕熱だけを回収する顕熱交換器が適しています。
5. 空調された室内空気が便所・給湯室等から直接排気される比率が高い場合、全熱交換器の効率は向上する。
→不適当
全熱交換器を効率良く使うためには、建物内で温湿度調整された空気をそのまま外に捨てずに、全熱交換器に通して熱回収をする必要があります。 問題文のように、便所の換気扇などで勝手に排気（直接排気）されてしまう空気が増えると、「熱を回収できる空気の量」が減ってしまうため、システム全体の効率は下がってしまいます。
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